中国公民科学素质建设:科学教育视角下的审视

Examining the Construction of the Civic Scientific Literacy from the Perspective of Science Education in china

摘要:

2021年6月25日,国务院发布《全民科学素质行动计划纲要(2021—2035年)》,计划到2035年公民具备科学素质的比例达到25%。本文以旧纲要(2006—2010—2020年)执行期间历次公民科学素质调查结果为基础,从科学教育视角分析了公民科学素质建设的现状和阻碍,试图为新纲要的实施和公民科学素质的进一步提升提供借鉴。数据分析表明,旧纲要执行期间公民科学素质持续提升,2020年我国公民具备科学素质的比例已达到10.56%。其中受教育程度越高,公民科学素质水平越高。互联网逐渐成为公众获取科技信息的主要渠道,科技场馆的参观人数虽有增加但依旧有限。长期文理分科、应试教育、城乡教育的不均衡等因素影响了正规科学教育的效果。而非正规学习以单向传播和知识主导型为特征,缺乏公众参与。未来应该进一步落实和完善教育体制改革,建立和健全社会科普激励机制,以及推进精准化的公众参与。

Abstract:

On 25 June, 2021,the State Council issued the Outline of the National Scheme for Scientific Literacy (2021—2035), aiming to reach the scientific literacy level of Chinese citizens to 25% by 2035. Based on the results of the surveys on civic scientific literacy (CSL) in China during the implement of the Outline of the National Scheme for Scientific Literacy (2006—2010—2020), this study analyzed the current situation and obstacles to the construction of CSL from the perspective of science education, attempting to provide reference for the implementation of the new outline. The results showed a steady growth in CSL during its implement period, reaching 10.56% in 2020. The higher the level of education, the higher the level of CSL. Moreover, the Internet is increasingly becoming the main channel for science information, and the number of visitors to science and technology venues has increased but remains limited. In China, the effectiveness of formal science education has been hampered by the long-term division of the arts and sciences, examination-oriented education, and the urban-rural gap. Further, informal education is characterized by a one-way and knowledge-based form, which lacks interaction with the public. In the future, we should further implement and improve the reform of the education system, establish and improve the incentive mechanism for social science communication, as well as promote precise public participation.