议程注意周期视角下中日主流媒体对争议性科技议题的报道框架研究:以《人民日报》与《朝日新闻》的转基因报道为例

Attention Cycles and Frames of the Controversial Technology Issue in Chinese and Japanese Mainstream Media:A Comparative Analysis of Media Reporting of Genetically Modified Organisms Between the People's Daily and the Asahi Shimbun

摘要:

本研究采用内容分析法,以《人民日报》与《朝日新闻》20世纪80年代至2018年的转基因议题报道为例,基于议程注意周期,对中日主流媒体的争议性科技议题的报道框架进行深入考察。研究发现,两份报纸的转基因议题报道同步进入下降期,但上升期并不同步,相较于《朝日新闻》,《人民日报》的转基因报道进入议程注意周期的时间略晚。报道框架亦存在显著差异,《朝日新闻》始终将关切包裹置于最重要的位置,而《人民日报》的报道尽管不断减少对进步包裹的使用,但进步包裹却始终是首要的框架类型。在关切包裹的运用上,《朝日新闻》将妥善管理和公众参与或教育置于同等重要的位置,而《人民日报》则始终最为强调妥善管理。两份报纸都倚重政府和专家等权威信源,但倚重的专家类型有所区别。本研究从两国转基因技术发展与应用的现实背景以及两份报纸的办报立场两个层面解释了两份报纸转基因议题报道存在差异的原因。

Abstract:

Based on the issue attention cycle, the study explores the frames of controversial technology issue in the Chinese and Japanese mainstream media. Employing quantitative content analysis, the research compares the attention cycles, frames and news sources used in the reportage of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) on the People's Daily and the Asahi Shimbun from the 1980s to 2018.It is found that compared with People's Daily, the GMOs coverage in Asahi Shimbun entered the rising stage earlier. Besides, the two newspapers emphasize different frames. The dominant frame of GMOs coverage in People's Daily is the progress package, while the Asahi Shimbun places the concern package the prominent position. Each newspaper relies on the authorities sources such as governments and experts. The paper explains the reasons for the difference of the GMOs coverage between the two newspapers.