美国后真理社会中的科学传播探析

An Analysis of Science Communication in American Post-truth Society

摘要:

科学与非科学、政策制定者与公众之间的边界设置与沟通交流自20世纪末便成为科学社会学中所关注的热点问题。然而，在当前后真理的政治与媒体环境中，公众对科学事业的不信任和对科学知识的误解越来越少地源于沟通技能，而更多地源于误导性与偏见性信息的广泛传播，错误的沟通技能已经不再是科学传播所面临的核心问题。本文以近几十年来媒体环境中发生的深刻结构变化为参照，通过对后真理概念的现有解释路径的提炼，阐明了后真理时代当前美国科学传播的现实背景，指明美国媒介在进行信息传播中盛行的激烈党派冲突、隐性的党派及意识形态偏见、政治两极分化和出于政治动机的党派推理是其科学传播系统及要素和面临的主要困境。因此，强化科学传播主体的责任、重视政治传播与科学传播的结合、将科学传播纳入国家治理体系都是有效化解后真理社会科学传播现实困境的重要途径。

Abstract:

Since the end of the 20th century, the boundary setting and communication between science and non-science, policy makers and the public have become a hot issue in the sociology of science. Whether in terms of action or effect, the previous changes in the mode of science communication were more studied from the perspective of communication content, mode and accessibility. However, in the current post truth political and media environment, the public's distrust of scientific undertakings and misunderstanding of scientific knowledge are less and less due to communication skills, but more due to the widespread dissemination of misleading and biased information. Wrong communication skills are no longer the core problem faced by scientific communication. Based on the profound structural changes that have taken place in the media environment in recent decades, through refining the existing interpretation path of the concept of post truth, this paper expounds the realistic background of science communication in the post truth era, it summarizes its theoretical origin and basic connotation, can further understand the essence of science communication political polarization and partisan reasoning motivated by political motives are the main difficulties faced by the science communication system and its elements. Therefore, strengthening the responsibility of the subject of science communication, paying attention to the combination of political communication and science communication, and bringing science communication into the national governance system are all important ways to effectively resolve the practical dilemma of post truth social science communication. In short, based on the overall appearance of science communication community participating in science communication from an international perspective, finding the obstacles and shortcomings it faces will provide practical inspiration and reference for improving the current situation of science communication.