STEM领域中女性生涯选择影响因素研究述评

A Review of Researches on the Influencing Factors of Women's Career Choices in the Field of STEM

摘要:

STEM教育越来越受到重视，但性别差异仍是STEM生涯选择中的显著问题，女性在STEM领域中的生涯选择受到多元化的影响。通过大量国际文献的分类梳理发现：基础教育阶段，女生学习STEM课程和专业选择受到经济压力、自我效能感以及诸多学习和生活因素影响；STEM专业大学女生生涯选择需要面对校园里的性别偏见、大学生课程与教学的不足以及导师支持的缺乏等不利因素；当她们进入职场，自我效能感、社会偏见、家庭责任可能会使她们逃离STEM领域职业。

Abstract:

STEM education has been paid more and more attention, but gender difference is still a significant problem in STEM career choice. Women 's career choice in STEM field is affected by many factors. Through the classification of a large number of international literatures, it is found that in the basic education stage, girls ' learning and professional choice in STEM courses are affected by economic pressure, self-efficacy and many learning and life factors ; the career choice of female students majoring in STEM needs to face the unfavorable factors such as gender bias on campus, the lack of college students ' curriculum and teaching, and the lack of tutor support. When they enter the workplace, self-efficacy, social prejudice, and family responsibilities may drive them away from STEM careers.