STEM领域中女性生涯选择影响因素研究述评

A Review of Researches on the Influencing Factors of Women's Career Choices in the Field of STEM

摘要:

STEM教育越来越受到重视，但性别差异仍是STEM生涯选择中的显著问题，女性在STEM领域中的生涯选择受到多元化的影响。通过分类梳理大量的国际文献发现：基础教育阶段，女生学习STEM课程和专业选择受到经济压力、自我效能感以及诸多学习和生活因素影响；STEM专业大学女生生涯选择需要面对校园里的性别偏见、大学生课程与教学的不足以及导师支持的缺乏等不利因素；当她们进入职场，自我效能感、社会偏见、家庭责任可能会使她们逃离STEM领域职业。基于以上发现建议：需要家长层面先行认识STEM，向女生提供更多的支持和鼓励；发挥校园教育的氛围和理念影响力，激励女生投入STEM学习；社会媒体宣传应正确引导，鼓励女生选择STEM领域。

Abstract:

STEM education has been paid more and more attention, but gender difference is still a significant problem in STEM career choice. Women's career choice in STEM field is affected by many factors. Through the classification of a large number of international literatures, it was found that in the basic education stage, girls' learning and professional choice in STEM courses were affected by economic pressure, self-efficacy and many learning and life factors; the career choice of female students majoring in STEM needed to face the unfavorable factors such as gender bias on campus, the lack of college students' curriculum and teaching, and the lack of tutor support. When they entered the workplace, self-efficacy, social prejudice, and family responsibilities maid drive them away from STEM careers. Based on the above findings, the article suggested that: firstly, parents need to understand STEM to provide more support and encouragement for girls; the atmosphere and ideological influence of campus education need to be fully utilized to motivate girls to engage in STEM learning; social media promotion should provide the correct direction to encourage girls to choose STEM fields.