科学隐喻推动公众理解科学 ——以人工智能隐喻为例

Scientific?Metaphors?Promoting?Public?Understanding?of?Science ——A?Case?Study?of?Artificial?Intelligence

摘要:

隐喻研究源远流长，最早作为文学和修辞学领域的研究热点，被视为修辞或者美化手段。直到20世纪八十年代，人类认识到隐喻是一种认知工具，处于交际和认知的核心。科学领域需要借助隐喻来构建新旧思维的桥梁，而科学隐喻就是人们借用始源域的相似性来诠释目标域的新认知活动，从而推动新学科体系概念的构建、科学共同体内部的沟通以及公众理解科学的提升。文章阐述了科学隐喻的研究缘起与发展脉络、梳理了其特点及科学创造与传播的功能，并以计算机科学和人工智能研究作为案例，解析了计算机科学的基本隐喻和子隐喻，以及支撑人工智能学科发展的哲学思考中所映射的隐喻体系，揭晓隐喻在促进科技创新与推动公众理解科学中的关键作用。

Abstract:

Metaphors?take?advantage?of?the?knowledge?already?known?to?help?construct?a?new?understanding?of?another?field?which?is?similar?to?the?previous?one,?and?thereby?promotes?the?construction?and?reasoning?of?new?concepts?for?a?new?disciplinary?system,?the?communication?within?the?scientific?community?and?public?understanding?of?science.?This?paper?explains?the?origin?and?development?of?scientific?metaphors,?as?well?as?their?functions?in?science?innovation?and?communication.?By?a?case?study?of?artificial?intelligence,?this?paper?delves?into?the?basic?metaphors?and?sub-metaphors?and?how?their?understanding?mechanism?promotes?the?public?understanding?of science.