女性科学家：性别不平等的溯源、抗争与弥合

Female Scientists：Tracing, Fighting and Bridging Gender Inequalities

摘要:

新冠带来的居家办公模式加剧了女性科学家在平衡工作与家庭生活之间的挑战。为了厘清科学领域的性别不平等争议,思考女性科学家性别不平等的问题根源与解决策略,研究系统梳理了国际与国内相关文献,从全球视域下女性科学家边缘化问题的特征、影响因素溯源和抗争弥合方面展开分析。研究发现,女性科学家的边缘性地位在学科发展、学术引用、合作网络以及职业留存率等方面均有所体现。科学领域的性别偏见、儿童与青少年时期的性别认知、教育体系与意识形态、科学领域的性别气质与角色,新闻媒体中的科学家形象等复杂因素影响着女性科学家地位。早期教育对科学兴趣的多方引导、对学术共同体中招聘和职业发展中的积极干预、为女性提供平衡事业与家庭的政策保障,以及女性科学家网络与社群的支持,都将成为改善女性科学家不平等地位的重要途径。同时,社交媒体时代为性别包容的创造了契机,图像与标签话题有望成为对抗科学领域性别歧视的新方式。

Abstract:

_{The home-based working model triggered by COVID-19 has made it more challenging for women scientists to balance work and family life. In order to clarify the controversy of gender inequality in the field of scientific community, and to find out the causes and solutions of the issue, this study systematically reviews relevant international and domestic literature studies. It traces the characteristics and influencing factors of the marginalization of female scientists from a global perspective. The results show that the marginalization of female scientists is reflected in discipline development, citation markets, collaborative networks and career retention rates. Gender bias in science, gender perception in childhoodand adolescence,education systems and ideologies,gender temperament in science, and the image of scientists in the media are all factors that affect the status of female scientists. Guiding scientific interests in early education, active interventions in recruitment and career development, policy guarantees and support from women communities will be important ways to improve the unequal status for women scientists. Moreover, social media ushered in a new era of gender inclusion, which makes it a possible new way to combat sexism in science by images and hashtagson social media.}