科学隐喻推动公众理解科学:以人工智能隐喻为例

Scientific Metaphors Promoting Public Understanding of Science: A Case Study of Artificial Intelligence

摘要:

科学领域的拓展创新需要构筑联结新旧思维的桥梁，而科学隐喻就是人们借用始源域的相似性来诠释新目标域的迁移载体，可以推动新学科体系概念的创建和推理、提升科学共同体内部沟通以及公众理解科学的效率。本文阐述了科学隐喻的缘起与发展脉络、梳理了其科学创造与传播的功能及支撑这些功能的心理机制，辅之以案例进行论证说明，并对科学隐喻当前的研究和发展做了总结和展望。最后以人工智能作为案例进行深度解析，揭晓该领域基础隐喻和子隐喻在推动公众理解人工智能的关键作用，从而帮助大众真正理解隐喻的认知工具性作用，以及潜移默化中对大众思维和理解科学所产生的深刻影响。通过理论的梳理和案例的实证分析，揭示认知在传播中所起到的重要作用，从而论证隐喻在科学理论中存在的必要性和前瞻性。

Abstract:

The expansion and innovation of the scientific field needs to build a bridge between the old and new thinking, and the scientific metaphor is a migration carrier for people to interpret the new target domain by borrowing the similarity of the origin domain, which can promote the creation and reasoning of the concept of the new discipline system, improve the communication within the scientific community and the efficiency of the public's understanding of science. This paper briefly expounds the origin and development of scientific metaphors. The functions of scientific creation and dissemination and the psychological mechanisms supporting these functions were sorted out. Finally, using artificial intelligence as a case study, the key role of foundational metaphors and sub-metaphors in this field in advancing public understanding of science is revealed. By analyzing scientific metaphor in depth, it can help the public truly understand the cognitive instrumental role of metaphor and the profound impact it has on public understanding of science, as well as to emphasize the necessity of metaphor.